The terms Sangoma and Inyanga refer to practitioners of traditional medicine and divination in several Southern African cultures, notably among the Zulu, Xhosa, Swazi, and Ndebele peoples in South Africa.
Sangomas are primarily seers and traditional healers. They are often called upon to diagnose, treat illnesses, resolve social problems, and combat negative spiritual influences through divination, the use of medicinal plants, and consulting their ancestors for guidance and assistance. The process of becoming a Sangoma is intensive and usually requires a spiritual calling followed by rigorous training under the guidance of an experienced master. This training period, known as "ukuthwasa," involves deep spiritual, medicinal, and ritual education. Sangomas play a vital role in their community, offering spiritual and emotional support in addition to their healing services.
Inyangas, on the other hand, focus more on the medicinal aspect of healing. They are recognized for their extensive knowledge of the healing properties of local plants and animals. Inyangas prepare and prescribe herbal remedies to treat various physical ailments. Their healing approach is more pharmacological, although they also have an understanding of the spiritual dimensions that can influence health. The knowledge of Inyangas is often passed down orally, from master to apprentice, ensuring the preservation of this traditional medicinal knowledge within communities.
