The Futhark alphabet, also known as the Futhark runes, is an ancient writing system used by Germanic and Nordic peoples, mainly during the Iron Age and the Viking era. The term "Futhark" comes from the first six letters of this alphabet: F, U, Þ (th), A, R, and K. Several versions of this alphabet exist, the most famous being the Elder Futhark, used from the 2nd to the 8th century with its 24 symbols, and the Younger Futhark, which appeared in the 8th century and was simplified to 16 symbols to adapt to the linguistic changes of the Nordic peoples.
These alphabets held a deep meaning that went far beyond their writing function. The runes were often used in ritual or magical contexts, each symbol having a specific meaning and being used for divination or to invoke supernatural forces. For example, the Fehu rune could symbolize wealth or prosperity, while Isa could represent stagnation or challenge. Additionally, runes were often engraved on objects such as amulets or weapons to bring protection, success, or power.
To learn everything about runes, check out our Rune Guide!
