The title of Mother of God (Theotokos in Greek) is attributed to the Virgin Mary, recognizing her role as the mother of Jesus Christ, who is both fully God and fully man. This designation emphasizes the divinity of Christ and the union of his two natures in one person.
Origins and Theological Foundations
<The title Theotokos was officially proclaimed at the Council of Ephesus in 431, in response to the Christological controversies of the time. The Fathers of the Council affirmed that Mary could be called Mother of God because she gave birth to Jesus Christ, one person in two natures, divine and human. This proclamation aimed to protect the doctrine of the hypostatic union, that is, the union of the two natures of Christ in one divine person.
Liturgical Celebration
The Catholic Church celebrates the solemnity of Saint Mary, Mother of God, on January 1st. This feast, which closes the Octave of Christmas, honors Mary's divine motherhood and highlights her role in the mystery of the Incarnation. It is also an occasion to pray for peace, as January 1st is the World Day of Peace.
Spiritual Significance
By recognizing Mary as Mother of God, the faithful honor her unique role in the plan of salvation. This title highlights her total cooperation with the divine will and her intimate participation in the mystery of Redemption. Mary is thus seen as a powerful mediator and intercessor with her Son, Jesus Christ.
