Introduction to Hercules
Hercules, son of Jupiter (Zeus in Greek mythology) and Alcmene, is one of the most famous figures in Roman mythology. Like his Greek counterpart, Heracles, he is known for his superhuman strength and for completing the twelve labors, a series of impossible challenges he must overcome to atone for the murder of his family, caused by a madness sent by Hera, his relentless enemy. Besides being a hero, Hercules becomes a demigod after his death and receives divine honors, holding an important place in the Roman pantheon, where he is worshiped for his military exploits and bravery.
Table of correspondences of Hercules
| Planets | Mars (god of war) |
| Day | Tuesday |
| Number | 12 |
| Colors | Red |
| Offerings | Sacrificed animals, amulets, belts |
| Helpers | Strength, courage, victory, fertility |
Symbols and appearances
In Roman art, Hercules is depicted with several characteristic symbols: his club (made of wood or gold), his lion skin (symbolizing his victory over the Nemean lion, one of his twelve labors), and sometimes a bow and arrows. His appearance is that of a robust and muscular man, embodying physical strength. He is often shown nude or partially clothed to highlight his virility and invulnerability.
Genealogy of Hercules
Hercules is the son of Jupiter and the mortal Alcmene, making him a demigod. His mortal family includes his brother Iphicles (son of Alcmene and Amphitryon) and his children with Deianira, including Hyllus, who will try to continue his father's heroic legacy. His relationship with Hera, his stepmother and enemy, is one of the central elements of his mythology, with Hera seeking to persecute him from birth. Other important figures in his genealogy include his cousin Perseus and his adoptive uncle, King Amphitryon.
