The Three Crowns, Tre Kronor, are one of Sweden's oldest national emblems. They appear as three gold crowns arranged with two above and one below, generally on a blue background. The Swedish Royal House dates their royal use to the 14th century, under Magnus Eriksson, before they became the kingdom's principal symbol.
| Form | Three gold crowns |
|---|---|
| Arrangement | Two at the top, one at the bottom |
| Background | Blue |
| Major attestation | Reign of Magnus Eriksson in the 14th century |
| Use | Royal coat of arms, state, sport |
When did the three crowns first appear?
The Swedish Royal House points to isolated crowns on 13th-century seals, followed by clear use of the three crowns under Magnus Eriksson in the 1330s.
A few decades later, they were already recognized as the kingdom's principal emblem.
What is the connection with the three holy kings?
The Royal House recalls the medieval prestige of the Three Magi, whose relics in Cologne attracted pilgrims from the Nordic countries.
This reference may have helped shape the imagery of the three crowns without constituting a certain and unique explanation.
How did they become a symbol of Sweden?
The Three Crowns appear on royal seals, coats of arms, and coins. They survive dynastic changes and remain associated with the kingdom itself.
What role did they play in the Kalmar Union?
Margaret of Denmark and Eric of Pomerania used an emblem with three crowns to represent the union of the Scandinavian kingdoms.
After the end of the union, Sweden nevertheless retained the symbol, confirming its national identification.
Where can Tre Kronor be found?
The Three Crowns appear in the state's coat of arms and in sports culture. The name "Tre Kronor" notably refers to the Swedish national ice hockey team.
Historical sources and reference points
The Swedish Royal House traces the history of the Three Crowns back to the Middle Ages and their adoption as the kingdom's principal emblem.
